Reversed portal flow: Clinical influence on the long-term outcomes in cirrhosis

Table 3 Clinical findings in the subjects

	Forward portal flow	Non-forward portal flow	P value
Number of subjects	198	24
Age (yr), mean ± SD (range)	61.9 ± 10.9 (35-89)	60.0 ± 12.6 (20-78)	0.4070
Sex (male/female)	110/88	10/14	0.1973
Etiology (Virus/Alcohol/NASH/PBC/AIH/others)	93/33/9/20/11/32	8/4/1/4/0/7	0.4003
Ascites (-/+/++)1	137/32/29	14/6/4	0.4949
Esophageal varices (-/+)2	73/125	10/14	0.6464
Gastric varices (-/+)2	155/43	13/11	0.0093
History of variceal bleeding (-/+)2	140/58	18/6	0.6610
History of variceal treatment (-/+)2	152/46	18/6	0.8469
Spleen (cm2), mean ± SD (range)	28.9 ± 12.9 (10.3-99.6)	29.0 ± 16.4 (10.5-90.5)	0.9900
Hepatic encephalopathy (-/+)3	190/8	23/1	0.9764
Child-Pugh (A/B/C)	92/84/22	6/9/9	0.0015
Decompensated cirrhosis (-/+)2	92/106	7/17	0.1074
Model for end-stage liver disease score4, mean ± SD (range)	11.0 ± 3.9 (6-24)	13.1 ± 4.8 (6-24)	0.0335
Blood test
Bilirubin (mg/dL), mean ± SD (range)	1.8 ± 2.0 (0.3-16.9)	3.2 ± 3.3 (0.6-13.4)	0.0578
Albumin (g/dL), mean ± SD (range)	3.4 ± 0.6 (1.5-4.7)	3.1 ± 0.5 (1.8-3.9)	0.0039
Prothrombin time (%), mean ± SD (range)	69.0 ± 17.9 (29-133)	62.5 ± 21.4 (19-106)	0.1026
Platelet count (× 104/μL), mean ± SD (range)	9.5 ± 5.9 (1.7-43.9)	10.8 ± 6.0 (2.5-23.3)	0.2976

¹Ascites -: none; +: mild; ++: moderate to severe:

²-: absence; +: presence;

³Hepatic encephalopathy -: grades 0-I; +: grades II-IV (West-Haven grading system);

⁴Forty-seven patients were excluded because prothrombin time-international normalized ratio was not measured in our hospital until 2004. AIH: Autoimmune hepatitis; NASH: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; PBC: Primary biliary cirrhosis.