Circulating levels of vitamin D and colorectal adenoma: A case-control study and a meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of patients according to adenoma case, n (%)

	Adenoma(n = 112)	No adenoma(n = 112)	P value
Age (yr), mean ± SD	60.3 ± 5.3	59.5 ± 5.4	0.37
Men	57 (50.9)	57 (50.9)	Matched
25(OH)D (ng/mL), mean ± SD	15.7 ± 5.8	16.8 ± 5.6	0.16
25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL	91 (81.3)	82 (73.2)	0.12
Education			0.54
Elementary school graduate	16 (14.3)	10 (9.1)
Middle school graduate	25 (22.3)	31 (28.2)
High school graduate	50 (44.6)	46 (41.8)
College graduate or above	21 (18.8)	23 (20.9)
Waist circumference (cm), mean ± SD	87.0 ± 7.8	84.6 ± 6.7	0.02
BMI (kg/m2)			0.10
18.5 < BMI < 23	33 (29.5)	36 (32.1)
23 ≤ BMI < 25	32 (28.6)	45 (40.2)
25 ≤ BMI	47 (41.9)	31 (27.7)
Family history			0.53
Yes	6 (5.4)	4 (3.6)
No	106 (94.6)	108 (96.4)
Smoking status			0.29
Non smoker	56 (50.9)	64 (57.7)
Past smoker	37 (33.6)	31 (27.9)
Current smoker	17 (15.5)	16 (14.4)
Alcohol drinking status			0.002
Never drinker	41 (36.6)	57 (50.9)
Past drinker	6 (5.4)	6 (5.4)
Current drinker	65 (58.0)	49 (43.8)
Physical activity (MET-hr/wk), mean ± SD	29.0 ± 32.0	24.3 ± 25.2	0.22
Supplement use			0.08
Yes	42 (37.5)	56 (50.0)
No	70 (62.5)	56 (50.0)
Red meat intake			0.34
≤ 1/mo	11 (10.1)	10 (8.9)
2-4/mo	77 (70.6)	88 (78.6)
≥ 2/wk	21 (19.3)	14 (12.5)
Energy intake (kcal/d), mean ± SD	1688.8 ± 581.9	1692.4 ± 488.4	0.96

P values were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel test for categorical variables and the paired t test on loge-transformed variables. BMI: Body mass index.