Neoplastic disease after liver transplantation: Focus on de novo neoplasms

Table 3 Intensive screening protocols for tumor surveillance in liver transplant recipients (data according to[128-130])

Traditional screening	Intensive screening
Annual chest X-ray	Annual chest and abdominal CT
Annual abdominal ultrasound	Annual abdominal ultrasound
Chest and abdominal CT	Annual urologic screening with PSA determination
Mammography and urologic screening (with timing according to standard of care)	Annual Pap smear and mammography (every 1-2 yr)
	Annual skin examination
	Colonoscopy 1 year after LT in patients with adenoma on pre-LT colonoscopy, and repeated every 2-4 yr if more adenomas are found. Colonoscopy repetition every 10 yr in patients > 50-yr-old
	Ears, nose and throat clinic visit in patients with > 20 pack year smoking

CT: Computed tomography; PSA: Prostatic specific antigen; LT: Liver transplant.