Neoplastic disease after liver transplantation: Focus on de novo neoplasms

Table 1 Estimated standardized incidence ratios for de novo malignancies after liver transplantation (data according to[7,9,15,46-48,61,72,174-182])

Cancer site/type	Estimated incidence (%)	SIR
All cancers	5-6	1.94-3
Kaposi’s sarcoma	0.14-2.8	> 100
Skin (non melanoma)	0.9-3.2	> 30
PTLD	0.9-2.6	6-20
Gastrointestinal and oropharyngeal sites
Lip/oropharyngeal/head and neck cancers	0.1-2.0	5-14
Esophagus1	0.5-1.19	12-18.7
Colorectal overall	0.0-0.65	1.41
Colorectal in IBD/PSC	0.7-7.9	3-5
Stomach	0.25	3
Vulva	0.25	8-23.8
Lung	0.6-1.2	2-8
Renal	0.35	2-2.65
Thyroid	0.20	4.60
Prostate	0.25-0.6	1 (risk not increased)
Breast	0.40	1 (risk not increased)
Colorectal in non-IBD/PSC	0.30	1 (risk not increased)

¹Although there are no population-based SIR estimates showing an increased risk of esophageal cancer after LT, an Italian study reported an SIR of 23.4 on the basis of cases ascertained by medical record reviews[178]. This association may be related to prior alcohol exposure; 2 of 3 patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer in a US cohort underwent LT for ALD[1]. IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; PSC: Primary sclerosing cholangitis; PTLD: Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease; SIR: Standardized incidence ratio.