Circulating RNAs as new biomarkers for detecting pancreatic cancer

Table 3 Non-coding RNAs specifically upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissue

Target candidate	Up/down	Sample	Number of patients	Extraction method	Quantification method	Normalization	Target selection	Potential value	Ref.
HOTAIR	Up	Tissue	36 PK, 36 HC	mirVana RNA isolation kit	qRT-PCR	GAPDH	Pre	P	[112]
MALAT-1	Up	Tissue	126 PK, 15 HC	TRIzol	qRT-PCR	N/A	Pre	D/P/S	[113]
MEG3	Up	Tissue	31 PNET, 7 HC	RNeasy	qRT-PCR	GAPDH	Pre	D	[114]
Gas5	Up	Tissue	23 PK, 23 AN	TRIzol	qRT-PCR	ACTB	Pre	D	[115]
HULC	Up		304 PK, 304 AN	TRIzol	qRT-PCR	GAPDH	Pre	D/P	[116]
LOC285194	Down	Tissue	85 PK, 85 AN	TRIzol	qRT-PCR	GAPDH	Pre	D/P	[117]
PPP3CB intronic lncRNA	Up	Tissue	11 PK, 7 metastasis	TRIzol	qRT-PCR	HMBS	mA	D/S	[118]
MAP3K1	Up
DAPK1	Up
BC008363	Up	Tissue	30PK, 30 AN				mA	D/P	[119]
ENST00000480739	Down		35 PK, 35 AN	TRIzol	qRT-PCR	ACTB	mA	D/P	[120]
HSATII	Up	Tissue	11 PK, 2 HC	TRIzol	Sequence	Input amount	Sequence	D/P	[121]

Reference were searched in PubMed using the following search terms: “pancreatic cancer”, “long non-coding RNA” or “lncRNA” or “ncRNA”. PK: Pancreatic cancer; AN: Adjacent normal tissue; HC: Healthy control; mA: cRNA microarray; N/A: Not available; Pre: Previously reported in cancer tissue or cell line; D: Diagnostic marker; P: Prognostic marker; S: Staging marker.