Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection and impact of vaccination

Table 4 Risk factors associated with hepatitis B surface antigen positivity among population aged > 19 years

Variables	uaj. OR (95%CI)	P value	aj. OR (95%CI)	P value
Age group (yr)
30-39 vs 20-29	1.52 (1.41-1.65)	< 0.001	1.18 (1.08-1.30)	< 0.001
40-49 vs 20-29	1.35 (1.25-1.45)	< 0.001	0.97 (0.88-1.06)	0.494
50-59 vs 20-29	1.32 (1.22-1.42)	< 0.001	0.87 (0.79-1.02)	0.108
60-69 vs 20-29	1.04 (0.96-1.13)	0.339	0.84 (0.57-1.02)	0.212
≥ 70 vs 20-29	0.92 (0.85-1.10)	0.962	0.81 (0.69-1.02)	0.478
Sex (female vs male)	0.74 (0.71-0.77)	< 0.001	0.72 (0.69-0.75)	< 0.001
Familial history of HBV (yes vs no)	1.90 (1.80-2.01)	< 0.001	1.93 (1.83-2.05)	< 0.001
Immunization history of HBV (yes vs no)	0.56 (0.53-0.59)	< 0.001	0.52 (0.49-0.56)	< 0.001
Hospitalization (yes vs no)	0.95 (0.92-1.04)	0.227	-	-
Surgery (yes vs no)	0.92 (0.85-1.03)	0.312	-	-
Blood transfusion (yes vs no)	1.00 (0.88-1.13)	0.966	-	-
Blood donation (yes vs no)	0.88 (0.75-1.12)	0.215	-	-
Invasive testing (yes vs no)	1.44 (1.36-1.53)	< 0.001	1.18 (1.11-1.26)	< 0.001
Hemodialysis (yes vs no)	0.56 (0.20-1.53)	0.255	-	-
Acupuncture (yes vs no)	0.94 (0.87-1.09)	0.612	-	-
Dental therapy (yes vs no)	0.88 (0.82-1.01)	0.061	-	-
Tattoos (yes vs no)	1.24 (0.84-1.82)	0.280	-	-
Piercing (yes vs no)	0.97 (0.92-1.03)	0.388	-	-
Sharing needles (yes vs no)	1.40 (1.09-1.80)	0.008	1.44 (1.12-1.86)	0.005
Sharing razors (yes vs no)	0.90 (0.81-1.02)	0.478	-	-
Sharing toothbrush (yes vs no)	1.04 (0.76-1.41)	0.814	-	-

aj. OR: Logistic regression analyses adjusted for age group, sex, familial history of HBV, immunization history of HBV, invasive testing, and sharing needles.