Suitable closure for post-duodenal endoscopic resection taking medical costs into consideration

Table 2 Results for the two groups

	Conventional clip (n = 12)	Over-the-scope clip (n = 7)	P value1
Lesion diameter (mm), mean ± SD	12.5 ± 1.60	13.3 ± 1.74	0.140
Resection diameter (mm), mean ± SD	18.8 ± 1.30	22.9 ± 1.21	0.039
Delayed bleeding (POD 1-7)	3	0	0.049
Treatment measure for delayed bleeding	hemostatic forceps	-	-
Delayed perforation (POD 1-7)	0	0	-
Procedure time of ulcer closure (min), mean ± SD	33.26 ± 12.57	9.71 ± 2.92	0.0001
Clips, mean	9.8	1.25	0.015
Total clips	121	10	0.002
Cost of one clip (¥/$/€)2	975/9.56/7.01	80000/785/576	0.008
Cost of all clips (¥/$/€)2	117975/1257/847	800000/7850/5760	0.005
Pathological diagnosis
Adenoma	7	4	0.410
Tubular adenocarcinoma	4	2	0.390
Leiomyoma	1	0	0.810
Carcinoid	0	1	0.810

¹Mann-Whitney U test;

²Average exchange rate at September, 2014.