Clinical impact of endoscopy position detecting unit (UPD-3) for a non-sedated colonoscopy

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analysis of the factors affecting visual analog scale pain scores for colonoscope insertion

Factors	Pain		Univariate analysis	Multivariate analysis
			P value	P value	OR	95%CI
Insertion methods (straight vs roping)	No	88/55	< 0.001	< 0.001	4.1	2.3-7.3
	Yes	32/85
UPD vs Conventional	No	79/64	0.045	0.041	1.8	1.1-3.2
	Yes	50/67
Expert vs Trainee	No	111/32	< 0.001	< 0.001	4.2	2.3-7.6
	Yes	55/62
Abdominal surgery (+ vs -)	No	5/138	0.005	0.006	4.7	1.5-15.0
	Yes	15/102
Gender (Male vs Female)	No	98/45	0.238	0.231	1.4	0.8-2.6
	Yes	72/45
Antispasmodic (+ vs -)	No	132/11	0.801
	Yes	107/10
Age (≥ 65 vs < 64)	No	72/71	0.774
	Yes	61/56

UPD: Position detecting unit.