©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Gastroenterol. Mar 21, 2015; 21(11): 3184-3196
Published online Mar 21, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i11.3184
Published online Mar 21, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i11.3184
Table 2 Risk factors for pneumococcal disease
| All adults 65 and older |
| Symptomatic or asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus |
| Chronic lung disease (COPD, emphysema, and asthma) |
| Chronic cardiovascular diseases |
| Diabetes mellitus |
| Chronic renal failure |
| Nephrotic syndrome |
| Chronic liver disease (including cirrhosis) |
| Alcoholism |
| Cochlear implants |
| Cerebrospinal fluid leaks |
| Immunocompromising conditions |
| Functional or anatomic asplenia |
| Residents of nursing homes or long-term care facilities |
| Smokers |
- Citation: Chaudrey K, Salvaggio M, Ahmed A, Mahmood S, Ali T. Updates in vaccination: Recommendations for adult inflammatory bowel disease patients. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21(11): 3184-3196
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v21/i11/3184.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i11.3184