Statins and the risk of colorectal cancer: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 40 studies

Table 2 Cohort studies included in the meta-analysis

Study	Study location	All subjects	CRC cases	RR	95%CI	Control for potential confounding factors2
Clancy et al[50], 2013	Italy	266109	2420	0.84	0.76-0.93	1-9
Leung et al[49], 2013	Taiwan	34205	654	0.57	0.45-0.721	-
Simon et al[51], 2012	United States	159219	2000	0.99	0.83-1.20	1, 4, 10-27
Jacobs et al[53], 2011	United States	133255	1739	1.03	0.94-1.141	-
Lee et al[52], 2011	United States	131922	1680	0.97	0.84-1.12	1, 6, 10, 12, 13, 28-34
Haukka et al[55], 2010	Finland	944962	5016	1.04	0.98-1.101	-
Matsushita et al[54], 2010	Japan	13724	76	1.22	0.77-1.94	-
Flick et al[57], 2009	United States	69115	171	0.89	0.61-1.30	1, 4, 6, 10-13, 15, 18, 19, 28, 35-38
Singh et al[56], 2009	Canada	413271	6637	1.13	1.02-1.25	1-4, 6, 7, 16, 39-42
Friedman et al[58], 2008	United States	4243067	5684	0.88	0.82-0.961	-
Farwell et al[59], 2008	United States	62842	687	0.65	0.55-0.78	1, 6, 11, 13, 19, 29, 43-53
Setoguchi et al[60], 2007	United States	31723	249	0.96	0.70-1.31	1-9, 39, 43, 54-64
Friis et al[61], 2005	Denmark	334754	3006	0.85	0.65-1.11	1, 2, 4, 16, 66

¹Calculated crude relative risk (RR);

²1: Age; 2: Sex; 3: Inflammatory bowel disease; 4: Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; 5: Obesity; 6: Colonoscopy; 7: Comorbidity score; 8: Distinct generic medicines taken; 9: Prior hospitalizations; 10: Body mass index; 11: Smoking status; 12: Family History of colorectal cancer; 13: Alcohol use; 14: Education; 15: Physical activity level; 16: Hormone replacement therapy; 17: Ethnic group; 18: Colorectal polyps; 19: Cardiovascular disease; 20: Calcium intake; 21: Percent energy from fat; 22: Fruit and vegetable intake; 23: Calcium supplement use; 24: Selenium supplement use; 25: Current healthcare provider; 26: Last medical visit within one year; 27: Colon screening; 28: Red meat consumption; 29: Use of aspirin; 30: Calendar year; 31: Study; 32: Pack-years of smoking before age 30; 33: Height; 34: Total energy intake; 35: Hypercholesterolemia; 36: Multivitamin use; 37: Energy-adjusted fibre intake; 38: Folate intake; 39: Benign mammary dysplasia; 40: Coronary heart disease; 41: Resective colorectal surgery; 42: Socioeconomic status; 43: Diabetes; 44: Weight; 45: Thyroid disease; 46: Hypertension; 47: Renal failure; 48: Chest pain; 49: Mental illness; 50: Lung disease; 51: Gastrointestinal Disease; 52: Prostate disease; 53: Total cholesterol; 54: Race; 55: Arthritis; 56: Use of gastroprotective drugs; 57: Estrogen use; 58: Tobacco abuse; 59: Mammography; 60: Gynecologic examination; 61: Pap smear; 62: Fecal occult blood; 63: Number of physician visits; 64: Prior nursing home stay; 65: History of heart attack; 66: Use of cardiovascular drugs. CRC: Colorectal cancer.