Dietary habits and behaviors associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Table 1 Effect of nutritional intervention on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Study design	No. of cases	Duration (mo)	Improved items	Ref.
Balanced hypocaloric diet, exercise	9	9-30	ALT, fatty change	[19]
Very-low calorie diet	41	4-23	fatty change	[20]
Weight reduction (retrospective)	39	-	ALT	[21]
Diet (25 cal/kg•ibw), exercise	25	3	AST, ALT, ChE, TC, FPG fatty change	[22]
Diet (add 300 mg/d)	22	12	ALT, TGF-β, fatty change inflammation, fibrosis	[23]
Diet (baseline minus 500-1000 cal/d)	31	6	ALT, GGT, HDL-C, HOMA-IR WHR, fatty change, visceral fat	[24]

Ibw: Ideal body weight; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ChE: Choline esterase; TC: Total cholesterol; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; TGF: Transforming growth factor; GGT: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; HDL-C: High density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; WHR: Waist-to-hip ratio.