Protective role of hydrogen-rich water on aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats

Figure 3 Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-Iβ levels in all groups. All data are expressed as mean ± SD. The mean tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-Iβ levels are significantly higher in the aspirin group (Asp) and HRW plus aspirin group (HRW + Asp) when compared with the normal control group and/or HRW alone group (^bP < 0.01, ^aP < 0.05 when compared with the control and HRW groups). And pretreatment with HRW could significantly decrease serum TNF-α and IL-Iβ levels in HRW + Asp group when compared with aspirin group (^cP < 0.05). HRW: Hydrogen-rich water.