Protective role of hydrogen-rich water on aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats

Figure 2 Levels of oxidative stress indicators and cytokines in all groups. Malonaldehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-06 in the gastric mucosal tissues are significantly higher, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels is obviously lower in aspirin group and hydrogen-rich water (HRW) plus aspirin group [HRW + aspirin group (Asp)] when compared with the normal control group and/or HRW alone group (^bP < 0.01, ^aP < 0.05 when compared with the control and HRW groups). Pretreatment with HRW could significantly decrease the MDA, MPO, TNF-α, and IL-06 levels and increase the SOD activity in HRW + Asp group when compared with aspirin group (^cP < 0.05).