An association between Helicobacter pylori and upper respiratory tract disease: Fact or fiction?

Table 4 Detection of Helicobacter pylori in studies with large samples that investigated relationships between Helicobacter pylori and oral diseases

Ref.	Patients(n)	Samples	Methods	Positive results
Bernander et al[110]	94	Dental plaque	Culture	0%
Luman et al[113]	120	Saliva and dental plaque	Culture	0%
Chaudhry et al[118]	89	Dental plaque	PCR	51.6%
Butt et al[119]	178	Dental plaque	Urease test	100%
Sudhakar et al[121]	50	Dental plaque	Culture	10%
			Urease test	70%
Assumpção et al[126]	99	Dental plaque	PCR	72%
	93		Urease test	52%
Gao et al[127]	96	Dental plaque	PCR	82.3%
Fernández-Tilapa et al[143]	200	Saliva and dental plaque	PCR	17%
		Blood	ELISA	62%
Eskandari et al[144]	67	Dental plaque	PCR	5.9%
Karczewska et al[145]	329	Gingival pocket material	Culture	50%
			PCR	35%
Oshowo et al[150]	208	Dental plaque	PCR	7.2%
			Culture	0.9%
		Tongue scraping	PCR	0%
			Culture	0%
Gall-Troselj et al[174]	268	Tongue mucosa	PCR	16%
Suzuki et al[177]	326	Saliva	PCR	6.2%

ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction.