An association between Helicobacter pylori and upper respiratory tract disease: Fact or fiction?

Table 1 Detection of Helicobacter pylori in investigations of relationships between Helicobacter pylori and rhinitis/sinusitis

Ref.	Patients (n)	Samples	Methods	Positive results
Rhinitis
Cellini et al[43]	42	Nasal mucus	Culture	0%
Imamura et al[44]	211	Blood	ELISA	44.8%
Sinusitis
Ozyurt et al[52]	32	Nasal polyp	PCR	59.4%
Szczygielski et al[53]	61	Nasal polyp	Urease test	0%
Kaviani et al[54]	37	Nasal polyp	Urease test	24.3%
		Blood	ELISA (IgG)	66.2%
Cvorovic et al[55]	23	Nasal polyp	Urease test/giemsa staining	26.1%
Včeva et al[57]	35	Nasal polyp	PCR	28.6%
		Blood	ELISA	85.7%
Burduk et al[58]	30	Nasal polyp	PCR	100%
Morinaka et al[59]	11	Nasal and maxillary sinus tissues	PCR	18.2%
			Urease test	27.3%
			Culture	0%
			IHC	63.6%
Ozdek et al[60]	12	Ethmoid mucosa	PCR	33.3%
Koc et al[61]	30	Nasal polyp	IHC	20%
		Blood	ELISA	86.7%
Kim et al[62]	48	Intranasal tissue	Urease test/IHC	25%
Jelavic et al[63]	40	Nasal polyp	IHC	70%
Ozcan et al[64]	25	Nasal polyp	Urease test	4%
			IHC	0%
		Blood	ELISA	24%
Dinis et al[71]	15	Sinonasal tissue	PCR	19%
Nemati et al[72]	25	Nasal polyp	PCR	0%
			Culture	0%
			Urease test	0%

IHC: Immunohistochemistry; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction.