2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced chronic colitis with fibrosis and modulation of TGF-β1 signaling

Figure 1 Validation of chronic 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis. Chronic colitis was induced by weekly intrarectal injections of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNMS) for 6 wk. A: Colon weight/length (g/m) in control and TNBS groups; B: Colon macroscopy; C: Hematoxylin-eosin stained tissues in control and TNBS groups. In the TNBS sections, chronic inflammation (arrow) and fibrosis (arrow) led to architectural disorders, lymphotic infiltrate and fibrin deposits (magnification: 5× [left], 10× [right]); D: Histologic fibrosis score from 0 (no fibrosis) to 3 (severe fibrosis); E: Histologic inflammation score from 0 (no inflammation) to 3 (severe inflammation). Values are mean ± SE; ^bP < 0.01 vs control.