Lean-non-alcoholic fatty liver disease increases risk for metabolic disorders in a normal weight Chinese population

Table 1 Baseline demographic characteristics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients and controls

	Lean-NAFLD (n = 731)		Overweight-obese-NAFLD (n = 1048)		P value
	Controls	NAFLD	Controls	NAFLD
Participants, n (%)	597 (81.67)	134 (18.33)	284 (27.10)	764 (72.90)
Age (yr)	43.19 ± 11.59	48.17 ± 10.5a	46.72 ± 11.15b	46.92 ± 11.19	< 0.01
Male (%)	28.48	54.48	51.41	72.25	< 0.01
Education (%)
Never	0.66	1.92	0.90	0.87	0.30
Primary	0.66	0.00	2.26	1.56
Junior	4.20	2.88	6.33	3.65
Senior	15.27	11.54	19.46	18.92
College	63.50	66.35	58.37	61.98
Postgraduate	15.71	17.31	12.67	13.02
BMI (kg/m2)	21.37 ± 1.71	22.74 ± 1.13a	25.98 ± 1.66b	27.57 ± 2.63ac	< 0.01
Body weight (kg)	57.64 ± 7.14	64.09 ± 7.31a	71.32 ± 9.49b	78.81 ± 11.64ac	< 0.01
Body fat (%)	24.83 ± 5.40	26.17 ± 4.96a	29.61 ± 4.73b	30.05 ± 4.49c	< 0.01
Body fat mass (kg)	14.26 ± 3.37	16.59 ± 2.68a	20.91 ± 3.34b	23.59 ± 4.61ac	< 0.01
WC (cm)	75.50 ± 7.06	82.42 ± 6.29a	87.06 ± 7.16b	93.45 ± 8.70c	< 0.01
VAI	1.52 ± 1.99	2.04 ± 2.21a	1.85 ± 2.32b	2.08 ± 1.50	< 0.01
SBP (mmHg)	119.48 ± 15.45	126.46 ± 16.24a	129.37 ± 19.86b	132.20 ± 17.29c	< 0.01
DBP (mmHg)	74.04 ± 10.04	80.05 ± 11.74a	79.33 ± 12.17b	82.84 ± 10.57ac	< 0.01
Physical activity (%)
None	83.92	89.52	80.27	85.10	0.45
Moderate	14.98	10.48	18.39	13.86
Vigorous	1.10	0.00	1.35	1.04
Drinking (%)	23.82	36.89	39.25	49.02	< 0.01
Smoking (%)
Never	86.09	82.52	81.45	68.34	< 0.01
≤ 1 cigarettes/d	1.10	0.97	1.36	2.25
≤ 10 cigarettes/d	5.08	3.88	5.43	7.96
≤ 20 cigarettes/d	5.74	8.74	7.24	14.01
> 20 cigarettes/d	1.99	3.88	4.52	7.44
Diabetes (%)	4.58	15.67	9.54	16.49	< 0.01
Hypertension (%)	12.23	34.71	32.08	43.67	< 0.01
Hyperlipidemia (%)	34.20	49.25	47.69	59.47	< 0.01
MS (%)	3.06	14.53	26.47	46.64	< 0.01
Central obesity (%)	14.96	29.41	69.55	84.64	< 0.01
Obesity (%)	0.00	0.00	11.97	37.70	< 0.01

^aP < 0.05 vs control in same weight group;

^bP < 0.05 vs Lean-control group,

^cP < 0.05 vs Lean-NAFLD group. NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumstance; VAI: Visceral adiposity index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; MS: Metabolic syndrome.