Plasma cathepsin L: A prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer

Table 3 Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratio for study parameters (Cox Regression)

Parameters	No. of patients	Deaths n (%)	Univariate Analysis		Multivariate Analysis
			Unadjusted	P value	Adjusted	P value
			HR		HR
			(95%CI)		(95%CI)
Age (yr)
< 55	58	46 (80.0)	1		-	-
≥ 55	69	54 (78.2)	0.8	0.337
			(0.55-1.22)
Sex
Male	88	70 (80.4)	1		-	-
Female	39	30 (77.0)	0.9	0.720
			(0.60-1.42)
Tumor mass (cm)
< 2	26	18 (72.0)	1		-	-
≥ 2	101	82 (81.0)	1.3	0.234
			(0.8-2.2)
Vascular encasement						-
No	65	46 (71.8)	1		-
Yes	62	53 (86.8)	1.7	0.007
			(1.16-2.61)
Locally advanced
No	39	28 (73.6)	1		-	-
Yes	88	72 (81.8)	1.7	0.014
			(1.12-2.76)
Lymphatic invasion
No	73	55 (76.3)	1		-	-
Yes	54	45 (85.0)	1.3	0.232
			(0.85-1.89)
Metastasis
No	74	55 (74.3)	1		-	-
Yes	53	45 (86.5)	2.1	0.001
			(1.4-3.1)
Surgery
No	102	81 (79.4)	1		-	-
Yes	25	20 (80.0)	0.79	0.380
			(0.48-1.3)
Stage
I + II	48	35 (72.9)	1		1
III + IV	79	66 (83.5)	1.7	0.008	1.7	0.008
			(1.1, 2.7)		(1.1-2.6)
Cathepsin L
Low ( ≤ 5 ng/mL)	54	38 (70.3)	1		1	0.010
High (> 5 ng/mL)	73	63 (87.5)	1.7	0.010	1.7
			(1.15-2.25)		(1.1-2.5)