Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts and portal hypertension-related complications

Table 2 Results of 3 trials comparing early transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts placement and standard treatment (combined pharmacologic and endoscopic therapy) in high-risk acute variceal bleeding

Findings	Ref.
	Monescillo et al[44], 2004		García-Pagán et al[45], 2010		Garcia-Pagán et al[46], 2012
	Early TIPS	Standard care	Early TIPS	Standard care	Early TIPS	Standard care
Patients	26	26	32	31	45	30
Treatment failure1	12%	50%	3%	45%	7%	50%
Early rebleeding (< 5 d)	4%	12%	3%	13%	2%	13%
1-yr mortality rate	31%	65%	14%	39%	14%3	30%
Development of hepatic encephalopathy2	31%	35%	25%	39%	51%	50%

¹Failure to control acute bleeding and/or development of variceal re-bleeding;

²Not significant in all 3 trials;

³The P value is 0.056..