Balloon dilation itself may not be a major determinant of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis

Table 1 Frequency and severity of pancreatitis and complications after endoscopic papillary balloon dilation

Ref.	Study design	Study’s location	Comparison groups (n)	Pancreatitis n (%)	Pancreatitis severity (n)			Other complications (n)			OverallAEs-related death (n)
					Mild/moderate	Severe	Death	Bleeding	Perforation	Cholangitis
Minami et al[85], (1995)	RCT	Japan	EPBD (n = 20)	2 (10)	2	0	0	0	0	0	0
			EST (n = 20)	2 (10)	2	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathuna et al[86], (1995)	R	Ireland	EPBD (n = 100)	5 (4.8)	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bergman et al[46], (1997)	RCT	The Netherlands	EPBD (n = 101)	7 (6.9)	5	2	0	0	2	0	0
			EST (n = 101)	7 (6.9)	6	1	0	4	1	0	1
Yasuda et al[87], (1998)	P	Japan	EPBD (n = 92)	8 (8.7)	8	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ueno et al[55], (1999)	R	Japan	EPBD (n = 109)	21 (19.8)	21	0	0	NA	NA	NA	0
Ochi et al[88], (1999)	RCT	Japan	EPBD (n = 55)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
			EST (n = 55)	2 (3.6)	2	0	0	0	1	0	0
Arnold et al[51], (2001)	RCT	Germany	EPBD (n = 30)	6 (20.0)	4	2	0	0	0	3	0
			EST (n = 30)	3 (10.0)	3	0	0	2	0	0	0
Bergman et al[53], (2001)	RCT	The Netherlands	EPBD (n = 93)	7 (7.5)	5	2	0	0	2	0	1
			EST (n = 87)	7 (8.0)	6	1	0	2	0	0	0
Yasuda et al[43], (2001)	RCT	Japan	EPBD (n = 35)	2 (5.7)	2	0	0	0	0	0	0
			EST (n = 35)	2 (5.7)	2	0	0	1	0	0	0
Natsui et al[89], (2002)	RCT	Japan	EPBD (n = 70)	4 (5.7)	4	0	0	0	0	2
			EST (n = 70)	3 (4.3)	3	0	0	2	0	3
Fujita et al[49], (2003)	RCT	Japan	EPBD (n = 138)	15 (10.9)	15	0	0	0	0	2	0
			EST (n = 144)	4 (2.7)	4	0	0	2	0	6	0
Vlavianos et al[48], (2003)	RCT	United Kindom	EPBD (n = 103)	5 (4.9)	4	1	0	0	0	2	0
			EST (n = 99)	1 (1.0)	1	0	0	0	0	1	1
Sugiyama et al[54], (2003)	R	Japan	EPBD (n = 118)	7 (6.0)	7	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lin et al[90], (2004)	RCT	Taiwan	EPBD (n = 51)	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
			EST (n = 53)	0	0	0	0	14	0	0	0
Disario et al[50], (2004)	RCT	United States	EPBD (n = 117)	18 (15.4)	12	6	2	11	0	1	2
			EST (n = 120)	1 (0.8)	1	0	0	32	1	1	0
Tanake et al[91], (2004)	RCT	Japan	EPBD (n = 16)	3 (18.8)	1	2	0	0	0	0	0
			EST (n = 16)	3 (18.8)	2	1	0	0	0	2	0
Toda et al[92], (2005)	RCT	Japan	EPBD (n = 94)	7 (6.4)	7	0	0	0	0	4	0
			EST (n = 102)	3 (3)	3	0	0	2	2	4	0
Tsujino et al[11], (2005)	R	Japan	EPBD (n = 304)	15 (5.0)	15	0	0	0	1	6	0
Nakagawa et al[93], (2006)	R	Japan	EPBD (n = 201)	2 (1.0)	0	2	0	0	0	3	0
Tsujino et al[42], (2007)	P	Japan	EPBD (n = 1000)	48 (4.8)	47	1	0	2	2	27	2
Ito et al[35], (2008)	R	Japan	EPBD (n = 406)	19 (5.7)	19	0	0	0	1	4	0
Liao et al[94], (2008)	RCT	Taiwan	EPBD (n = 35)	2 (5.7)	2	0	0	0	0	1	0
			EST (n = 25)	3 (12)	3	0	0	2	0	2	0
Natsui et al[95], (2011)	RCT	Japan	EPBD (n = 41)	2 (4.8)	2	0	0	0	0	1	0
			EST (n = 42)	1 (2.3)	1	0	0	0	0	1	0
Kuo et al[96], (2012)	R	Taiwan	EPBD (n = 273)	30 (10.1)	22	8	0	1	1	9	1
Seo et al[97], (2014)	RCT	South Korea	EPBD (n = 62)	5 (8.1)	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
			EST (n = 70)	5 (7.1)	5	0	0	2	1	0	0

EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; AEs: Adverse events; EPBD: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation; R: Retrospective; P: Prospective; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; NA: Not available.