Lubiprostone vs Senna in postoperative orthopedic surgery patients with opioid-induced constipation: A double-blind, active-comparator trial

Table 3 Gastrointestinal symptoms

Outcome measure	Intent to treat			Completers
	Lubiprostone	Senna	P value	Lubiprostone	Senna	P value
	n = 28	n = 28		n = 21	n = 22
Nausea Baseline Day 7 Change	0.61 ± 0.79 0.39 ± 0.79 0.21 ± 0.92	0.64 ± 0.99 0.46 ± 0.96 0.18 ± 0.86	0.88 0.76 0.88	0.57 ± 0.81 0.38 ± 0.80 0.19 ± 1.03	0.64 ± 1.05 0.50 ± 1.01 0.14 ± 0.83	0.82 0.67 0.85
Cramping Baseline Day 7 Change	0.25 ± 0.70 0.14 ± 0.36 0.11 ± 0.57	0.54 ± 0.84 0.11 ± 0.31 0.43 ± 0.92	0.17 0.69 0.12	0.29 ± 0.78 0.14 ± 0.36 0.14 ± 0.57	0.63 ± 0.90 0.04 ± 0.21 0.59 ± 0.96	0.18 0.28 0.07
Painful bowel movement evacuation effort (straining) Baseline Day 7 Change	1.40 ± 1.50 0.47 ± 0.70 0.64 ± 0.93	0.87 ± 1.46 0.75 ± 1.37 0.42 ± 1.38	0.98 0.55 0.62	1.53 ± 1.55 0.60 ± 0.74 0.58 ± 0.90	1.18 ± 1.60 0.87 ± 1.51 0.78 ± 1.30	0.58 0.72 0.69
Completeness of bowel movement Baseline Day 7 Change	1.56 ± 1.42 0.67 ± 0.97 0.82 ± 1.17	2.00 ± 1.41 0.55 ± 1.23 1.55 ± 2.11	0.23 1.00 0.33	1.53 ± 1.51 0.86 ± 1.03 0.56 ± 1.01	2.10 ± 1.29 0.46 ± 1.06 2.00 ± 1.41	0.12 0.24 0.03
Abdominal pain Baseline Day 7 Change	0.29 ± 0.71 0.07 ± 0.26 0.21 ± 0.69	0.59 ± 1.01 0.04 ± 0.19 0.56 ± 1.05	0.20 0.56 0.16	0.19 ± 0.68 0.05 ± 0.22 0.14 ± 0.73	0.73 ± 1.08 0.00 ± 0.00 0.73 ± 1.08	0.06 0.34 0.04
Time per lavatory attempt Baseline < 5 min 5-10 min > 10 min NA Day 7 < 5 min 5-10 min > 10 min NA	2 (7) 12 (43) 8 (29) 6 (21) 8 (30) 8 (30) 4 (15) 7 (26)	4 (14) 7 (25) 10 (36) 7 (25) 9 (32) 6 (21) 6 (21) 7 (25)	0.40 0.87	0 (5) 11 (52) 7 (33) 3 (14) 7 (32) 3 (14) 5 (23) 7 (32)	3 (14) 5 (23) 8 (36) 6 (27) 7 (33) 7 (33) 4 (19) 3 (14)	0.08 0.66

Data are expressed as absolute numbers (percentage) or mean ± SD. NA: Not significant.