Hypoxia and fatty liver

Figure 3 Distinct regulations of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and hypoxia-inducible factor-2α under intermittent hypoxia conditions. ROS and Ca²⁺ play crucial roles in the regulation of HIF activity in response to intermittent hypoxia, which results in the activation of HIF-1 and suppression of HIF-2. IH: Intermittent hypoxia; OSA: Obstructive sleep apnea; NADPH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; PKC: Protein kinase C; mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin; CBP: CREB-binding protein; PHD: Prolyl hydroxylase domain; HIF: Hypoxia-inducible factor.