Hepatitis B virus coinfection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: A review

Table 3 Hepatitis B vaccine in adults with human immunodeficiency virus: Standard and alternative strategies

Ref.	Year	Study design	n	Dose (μg)	Schedules/ administration	Age, median, yr	CART	HIV-1 VL, RNA copies/mL < 10000	CD4, median, cells/μL	Response rate	Predictors
Standard-dose vaccination
Rey et al[141]	2000	Prospective	20	3 × 20	0, 1, 2 mo, IM	30.5	85%	NA	470	55%	CD4 > 500 cells/μL
Tedaldi et al[143]	2004	Retrospective, cross-sectional	198	52.5% ≥ 3 × 20	NA	41	70.7%	> 75%	406	37.2%	Higher CD4; HIV-1 VL < level of detection
Overton et al[142]	2005	Retrospective	194	3 × 10 (97%-99%)	0, 1 to 3, 6-9 mo, IM	34.1	82.0%	38.1% (< 400)	290	17.5%	HIV-1 VL < level of detection
Ungulkraiwit et al[148]	2007	Prospective	65	3 × 20	0, 1, 6 mo, IM	39	88%	> 75%	345	46%	Higher CD4; young age
Paitoonpong et al[137]	2008	Prospective	28	3 × 20	0, 1, 6 mo, IM	35	100%	100% (< 50)	324	71.4%	Higher CD4; use of efavirenz
Kim et al[144]	2008	Retrospective	97	3 × 20	0, 1, 6 mo, IM	39	31%	24% (< 400)	325	44%	Nadir CD4 > 200 cells/μL; young age ( < 40 yr); HIV-1 VL < level of detection
Irungu et al[139]	2013	Prospective	293	3 × 20	0, 1 to 3, 6 mo, IM	31	HIV-1 uninfected			85.7%	CD4 > 500 cells/μL; female
			310				0%	65.7%	557	64.2%
Alternative strategies
Fonseca et al[140]	2005	RCT	94	3 × 20	0, 1, 6 mo, IM	37	85.1%	80.9%	≥ 350, 59.6%	34%	CD4 > 350 cells/μL; HIV-1 VL < 10000 copies/mL
			98	3 × 40			87.8%	75.5%	≥ 350, 57.1%	47% (P = 0.07)
Cornejo-Juárez et al[147]	2006	RCT	39	3 × 10	0, 1, 6 mo, IM	35.6	56.4%	≤ 20000, 56.6%	≥ 200, 48.8%	61.5%	CD4 ≥ 200 cells/μL
			40	3 × 40		34.1	72.5%	≤ 20000, 55.6%	≥ 350, 47.5%	60% (P = 0.89)
Potsch et al[145]	2010	Prospective	47	3 × 40	0, 1, 2, 6 mo, IM	36	79%	< 80, 70%	402	89%	HIV-1 VL < 80 copies/mL
Launay et al[146]	2011	RCT	145	3 × 20	0, 1, 6 mo, IM	43	86%	< 50, 79%	516	65% (95%CI: 56-72)	Young age; four-dose
			148	4 × 40	0, 1, 2, 6 mo, IM	42	80%	< 50, 77%	509	82% (95%CI: 77-88)
			144	4 × 4	0, 1, 2, 6 mo, ID	43	86%	< 50, 78%	482	77% (95%CI: 56-72)

ID: Intradermal injections; IM Intramuscular injections; RCT: Randomized clinical trial; VL: Viral load; cART: Combination antiretroviral therapy.