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Copyright ©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastroenterol. Oct 14, 2014; 20(38): 13804-13819
Published online Oct 14, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i38.13804
Table 1 Genetic alterations in gastric cancer
GenesAlterationsFunctionPathologyPrognosisRef.
Tumor suppressor genes
TP53Mutation/LOHTranscription factorBothAssociation with poor survival[42,46,48,182]
APCMutation/ LOHSignal transductionIntestinalAssociation with poor survival[48,98,99]
CDHIMutations/LOHAdhesionDiffuseAssociation with poor survival[48,102,106,183,184]
hMLH1/hMSH2MutationsDNA mismatch repairBothAssociation with poor survival and microsatellite instability[10,140,185]
p16Mutations/LOHCell cycleBothLOH of p16 association with lymph metastasis[48,136,186,187]
RIZMutations/LOHNuclear histone/protein methyltransferase-Association with microsatellite instability[188-190]
hMSH3MutationsDNA mismatch repair-Association with microsatellite instability[191,192]
hMSH6MutationsDNA mismatch repair-Association with microsatellite instability[191,192]
PTENMutations/LOHprotein tyrosine phosphatasesBothAssociation with TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and poor survival[65,66,193,194]
bcl-2LOHApoptosis inhibitorIntestinalAssociation with invasion depth and lymph node metastasis[182,195]
DCCLOHCell adhesionIntestinalAssociation with poor survival[48,196]
NM23LOHNucleoside diphosphate kinaseBothAssociation with metastasis and poor survival[197-199]
p21LossCell cycleBothAssociation with poor survival[51]
FHITLOHPurine metabolismBothAssociation with invasive depth and microsatellite instability[200]
BRCA1LOHGenetic instabilityBothAssociation with poor survival[201,202]
Oncogenes
β-CateninMutationsAdhesion,IntestinalAssociation with poor survival and EBV-associated GC[10,58,97]
Signal transduction
BRAFMutationsSignal transductionBothAssociation with microsatellite instability[71,203]
K-RasMutationsSignal transductionIntestinalAssociation with poor prognosis and microsatellite instability[57,71-73,204]
PIK3CAAmplificationSignal transductionBothAssociation with poor survival[55-58]
Mutations
EGFRAmplificationGrowth factor receptorBothAssociation with poor survival[57,81,205]
Tyrosine kinases
ERBB2AmplificationGrowth factor ReceptorIntestinalAssociation with poor survival[68,81-85,205]
MutationsTyrosine kinases
ERBB3OverexpressionGrowth factor receptorDiffuseAssociation with poor survival[68,81,85]
Tyrosine kinases
ERBB4AmplificationGrowth factor receptorBothAssociation with poor survival[86]
Tyrosine kinases
c-MetAmplificationGrowth factor receptorDiffuseAssociation with poor survival[86,206]
KSAMAmplificationGrowth factor receptorDiffuseAssociation with poor survival[207]
VEGFOverexpressionGrowth factorIntestinalAssociation with metastasis and poor survival[153,154,208]
CD44AmplificationCell adhesionBothAssociation with metastasis and poor survival[86,209]
PRL3AmplificationCell signaling moleculesBothAssociation with metastasis and poor survival[210,211]
c-MycAmplificationTranscription factorIntestinalAssociation with poor survival[212,213]
Cyclin EAmplificationCell cycle regulatorBothAssociation with poor survival[208,214]