Contrast-enhanced ultrasound: Improving the preoperative staging of hepatocellular carcinoma and guiding individual treatment

Table 2 Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and positive predictive value, negative predictive value for contrast-enhanced computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, intraoperative ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound + computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging

	Sensitivity	Specificity	Accuracy	PPV	NPV
CE-CT or MRI	78.7%a	72.7%b	77.2%	89.2%	54.6%
CEUS	89.4%	97.0%bd	91.3%	98.8%	76.2%
IOUS	89.4%	69.7%b	84.3%	89.4%	69.7%
CEUS + CE-CT/MRI	89.4%	100%	92.1%f	100%	76.7%

^aP < 0.05 vs CEUS, IOUS and CEUS + CE-CT/MRI;

^bP< 0.01 vs CEUS + CE-CT/MRI;

^dP < 0.01 vs CE-CT/MRI and IOUS;

^fP < 0.01 vs CT/MRI and IOUS. PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value; CEUS: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound; IOUS: Intraoperative ultrasound; CE-CT: Contrast-enhanced computed tomography; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging.