Nuclear receptors and pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer

Figure 3 Mechanisms of action of nuclear receptors. Type I nuclear receptors (NR) (steroid receptors) are complexed with heat shock proteins (HSP) and maintained in the cytoplasm in the absence of ligands. The other receptors are instead mainly nuclear and the ligands induce hetero- (for type II receptors) or homo-dimerization (for type III receptors). Furthermore, a group of receptors (type IV) whose regulation is poorly known act as monomers.