Noninvasive biomarkers in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Current status and a glimpse of the future

Table 2 Summarises previous studies investigating serum biomarkers of fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Biomarkers	Cohort	Results	Ref.
FibroTest®: α2macroglobulin, Apolipoprotein A1, Haptoglobin, γGT, Bilirubin	267 patients	AUROC ≥ F2 0.8, ≥ F3 0.88	[81]
NAFLD Fibrosis score: Age, BMI, Hyperglycaemia, Platelets, Albumin, AST/ALT	733 patients	AUROC ≥ F3 0.88	[16]
	331 patients	AUROC ≥ F3 0.82	[71]
	162 patients	AUROC ≥ F3 0.64	[70]
	91 patients	AUROC ≥ F3 0.89	[80]
	92 patients	AUROC ≥ F3 0.74	[18]
	235 patients	AUROC ≥ F2 0.88	[67]
	138 patients	AUROC ≥ F3 0.68	[69]
	246 patients	AUROC ≥ F2 0.62, ≥ F3 0.75	[82]
	588 patients	AUROC ≥ F3 0.85	[59]
	541 patients	AUROC ≥ F3 0.77	[65]
	145 patients	AUROC ≥ F3 0.81	[66]
BARD:	827 patients	AUROC ≥ F3 0.81	[18]
BMI, AST:ALT ratio, DM	246 patients	AUROC ≥ F2 0.59, ≥ F3 0.64	[82]
	138 patients	AUROC ≥ F3 0.67	[69]
	541 patients	AUROC ≥ F3 0.7	[65]
	145 patients	AUROC ≥ F3 0.77	[66]
ELFTM	192 patients	AUROC ≥ F1 0.76, ≥ F2 0.82, ≥ F3 0.9	[80]
Hyaluronic acid, P3NP, TIMP1	91 patients (plus simple markers)	AUROC ≥ F1 0.84, ≥ F2 0.93, ≥ F3 0.98	[80]
	121 paediatric patients	AUROC ≥ F1 0.92, ≥ F2 0.98, ≥ F3 0.99	[83]
FibroMeterTM:	235 patients	AUROC ≥ F2 0.94, ≥ F3 0.94	[67]
APRI	111 patients	AUROC advanced fibrosis 0.85	[84]
	541 patients	AUROC ≥ F3 0.73	[65]
	145 patients	AUROC ≥ F3 0.67	[66]
	235 patients	AUROC ≥ F3 0.87	[67]
AST:ALT ratio	541 patients	AUROC ≥ F3 0.74	[65]
	145 patients	AUROC ≥ F3 0.83	[66]
BAAT:	93 patients	AUROC ≥ F1 0.86, ≥ F2 0.9	[68]
BMI Age ALT Triglycerides
FIB-4:	541 patients	AUROC ≥ F3 0.8	[65]
Age, AST, platelets, ALT	145 patients	AUROC ≥ F3 0.86	[66]

ELF^TM: European liver fibrosis score; HA: Hyaluronic acid; PIIINP: Procollagen III amino peptide; TIMP: Tissue inhibitor of MMP; BMI: Body mass index; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment- insulin resistance; PT: Prothrombin time; AUC/AUROC: Area under the curve; F1-F4: Fibrosis score; TE: Transient elastography; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase.