Changes in nutritional status after liver transplantation

Table 3 Vitamins and trace elements deficiencies in patients with cirrhosis

	Mechanism of deficiency	Primary consequences
Water soluble vitamins
Complex B and	Dietary insufficiency	Wernicke’s encephalopathy and Korsakoff dementia, anaemia, asthenia, scurvy
Vitamin C	Intestinal dysmotility
Fat soluble vitamins
Vitamin A (Retinol) and vitamin E	Dietary insufficiency	Risk factor for developing cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma, night blindness
	Malabsorption for cholestasis or due to medications (i.e., cholestyramine)
Vitamin D	Dietary insufficiency	Osteopenia and osteoporosis
	Malabsorption for cholestasis or due to medications (i.e., cholestyramine, steroids)
Vitamin K	Reduced exposure to UV light	K-dependent coagulation factors deficiency (II, VII, IX, X)
	Dietary insufficiency
	Malabsorption for cholestasis or due to medications (i.e., cholestyramine)
Trace elements
Zinc	Dietary insufficiency	Contribution to impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes, precipitation of hepatic encephalopathy
	Malabsorption (intestinal dysmotility)
	Diuretic induced increased urinary excretion
Magnesium	Dietary insufficiency	Loss of muscle strength
	Malabsorption (intestinal dysmotility)

UV: UltraViolet.