Cytokinome profile evaluation in patients with hepatitis C virus infection

Table 2 Comparison of cytokine serum levels in all patients and healthy controls

Cytokines	Controls vs CHD	Controls vs LC	Controls vs LCD
Adiponectin	a↑	a↑	a↑
Adipsin	a↑	a↑	a↑
C-peptide	b↑	b↑	b↑
CXCL1	b↑	b↑	b↑
CXCL9	b↑	b↑	b↑
Ghrelin	a↓	a↓	a↓
GIP	a↑	a↑	a↑
Glucagon	a↑		b↑
HGF	b↑	b↑	b↑
IL-12	b↑	b↑	b↑
IL-18	b↑	b↑	b↑
IL-1α	b↑	b↑	b↑
IL-2R	b↑	b↑	b↑
Insulin	b↑	b↑	b↑
Leptin	b↑	b↑	b↑
MIF	b↑	b↑	b↑
PAI-1	b↑	b↑	b↑
Resistin	a↑	a↑	a↑
β-NGF	b↑	b↑	b↑

P values obtained for all significant molecules in patients with (1) HCV hepatitis and type 2 diabetes (CHD); (2) with HCV-related LC, and (3) with HCV-related cirrhosis and type 2 diabetes (LCD), with respect to healthy control subjects, were calculated using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test. ^aP value < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01; up- and down-arrows indicate if the pro-inflammatory molecule serum concentrations in patient groups increased/decreased vs healthy controls. HCV: Hepatitis C virus; LC: Liver cirrhosis; IL: Interleukin; NGF: Nerve growth factor; HGF: Hepatocyte growth factor; MIF: Migration inhibitory factor; PAI: Plasminogen activator inhibitor.