Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for suspected malignancies adjacent to the gastrointestinal tract

Table 1 Different anatomical localizations for the 1019 lesions in which endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration was employed with the 431 surgical procedures adopted

Macroscopic (> 1 cm) (n = 932)	Surgical procedures (n = 393)
512 pancreatic masses	201 pancreatic resections
135 mediastinal lymphadenopathy	44 pneumonectomy, 12 lobectomy, 14 wedge resection
107 enlarged abdominal lymph nodes	11 Debulking, 19 nephrectomy, 6 splenectomy
23 lung cancer adjacent to the esophagus	11 pneumonectomy, 2 wedge resection
21 perirectal masses	6 low anterior resection, 5 Miles’procedures
18 cancer of the extrahepatic bile duct	4 bile duct resections, 2 hepatic resections
18 perigastric masses	7 gastrectomy, 2 wedge resections
15 mediastinal masses	9 pneumonectomy
12 perirectal node	7 transanal rectal resection
13 pleural thickening and pleural effusion	7 pleurectomy, decortication
10 masses of the retroperitoneum/	3 retroperitoneal debulking
10 peritoneal thickening and ascites	4 peritonectomy
10 left lobe of the liver	3 liver resection
9 left adrenal gland	5 adrenalectomy
8 prostate nodules with rectal involvement	4 prostatectomy and rectal resection
6 ovarian cyst	5 salpingo-oophorectomy
3 thyroid	3 thyroidectomy
1 spleen	1 splenectomy
1 cyst of CBD	1 biliary duct resection
Microscopic (< 1 cm submucosal) (n = 87)	Surgical procedures (n = 23)
49 gastric	12 gastrectomy, 1 sleeve gastrectomy
14 esophageal	2 esophagectomy
13 rectal	4 low rectal ant resection
8 duodenal	2 DCP
3 colorectal anastomoses	2 redo surgery for anastomotic recurrence

CBD: Common bile duct; DCP: Duodenocephalopancreatectomy.