Epigenetics and pancreatic cancer: Pathophysiology and novel treatment aspects

Table 4 Overview of miRNAs associated with specific targets/functions in pancreatic cancer

miRNA/function		Cell lines	Target gene(s)	Cellular effects	Ref.
Function as oncogene	-10a	AsPC1, Capan1, Capan2, MiaPaCa2, Panc1, Patu8988T, Patu8988S, Patu8902	HOXB1, 3	Metastasis ↑	[201]
	-21	AsPC1, BxPC3, Capan1, Capan2, CFPAC1, Hs776T, H48N, KP-1N, KP-2, KP-3, MiaPaCa2, NOR-P1, Panc1, SUIT-2, SW1990	HOXA1	Invasion ↑	[202]
		AsPC1, Capan1, Capan2, CFPAC1, H48N, HS766T, KP-1N, KP-2, KP-3, MiaPaCa2, NOR-P1, Panc1, SUIT-2, SW1990		Proliferation ↑, invasion ↑, chemoresistance ↑	[203]
		BxPC3		Proliferation ↑	[204]
		Capan1, HS766T, MiaPaCa2, MPanc96, Panc1, PL45, SW1990	PTEN, RECK	After miRNA inhibition: cell cycle arrest ↑, apoptosis ↑	[205]
	-132, -212	Panc1	Rb1	Proliferation ↑	[206]
	-155	Capan2, MiaPaCa2, MCF7, MEFs, 293T	TP53INP1	Apoptosis ↓	[207]
	-194, -200b, -200c, -429	AsPC1, A818, BxPC3, Capan1, Capan2, HPAFII, MiaPaCa2, MPanc96, Panc1, Patu8902, Patu8988T, Patu8988S, PT45, Suit 007, Su.86.86, Sut00281	EP300	Metastasis ↑	[208]
	-197	AsPC1, Panc1	p120 catenin	EMT ↑	[209]
	-210	Panc1, MiaPaCa2, SUIT-2		Migration ↓, vimentin ↓, snai-1 ↓, membraneous β-catenin ↑	[210]
	-221	Capan1, HS766T, MiaPaCa2, MPanc96, Panc1, PL45, SW1990	p27	Chemosensitivity ↑	[205]
	-224, -486	AsPC1, A818, BxPC3, Capan1, Capan2, HPAFII, Su 86.86, MPanc96, MiaPaCa2, Panc1, Patu8902, Patu8988T, PT45, Patu8988S, Suit 007, Suit 00281	CD40	Invasion ↑, metastasis ↑	[211]
Function as tumor suppressor	-301a	BxPC3, Hs766T	Bim	Proliferation ↑,	[212]
	-320c	AsPC1, Panc12	SMARCC1	Chemoresistance ↑	[213]
	-421	SW1990, Panc1	DPC4/Smad4	Proliferation ↑, colony formation ↑	[214]
	-491-5p	AsPC1, Capan1, MiaPaCa2, SW1990	Bcl-XL, TP53	Proliferation ↓, apoptosis ↑, STAT3 ↓, PI-3K/Akt ↓	[215]
	let-7let-7a	BxPC3, Capan1, Capan2, human HPNE (human pancreatic nestin-positive) cells MiaPaCa2, Panc1		Proliferation ↓, K-RAS ↓, MAPK ↓	[216]
		AsPC1	RAS	K-RAS ↓, radiosensitivity ↑	[217]
	-22	BxPC3	SP1, ESR1	Tumourigenesis ↓	[218]
	-26a	SW1990, Panc1	HMGA1	Proliferation ↓, invasion ↓, migration ↓, apoptosis ↑	[219]
	-34	BxPC3, MiaPaCa2	Bcl-2, Notch-1/2	Clonogenicity ↓, invasion ↓, apoptosis ↑, cell cycle arrest ↑, chemosensitivity ↑, radiosensitivity ↑, CSC ↓	[220]
	-34a	Panc1		Cell cycle arrest ↑, apoptosis ↑, migration ↓, E2F3 ↓, Bcl-2 ↓, c-myc ↓, cyclin D1 ↓	[221]
	-34b	AsPC1, MiaPaCa2	Notch-1	Proliferation, apoptosis	[222]
			Smad3	Progression in vivo↑	[223]3
	-107	MiaPaCa2, Panc1	CDK6	Proliferation ↓	[224]
	-126	AsPC1, BxPC3, KLM-1, MiaPaCa2, Panc1	ADAM9	Migration ↓, invasion ↓, E-cadherin ↑	[225]
	-132	BxPC3, HPAFII, HPAC, Panc1		Proliferation ↓, colony formation ↓, Akt ↓	[121]
	-143	AsPC1, BxPC3, Capan2, HPAFII, MiaPaCa2, Panc1	COX-2	Proliferation ↓, MEK/MAPK ↓	[226]
		Panc1	ARHGEF1 (GEF1), ARHGEF2 (GEF2), K-RAS	Migration ↓, invasion ↓, metastasis ↓, E-cadherin ↑	[227]
	-148a	IMIM-PC2	CDC25B	Proliferation ↓, colony formation ↓	[228]
	-148b	AsPC1, BxPC3, MiaPaCa2, Panc1, SW1990	AMPKα1	Proliferation ↓, apoptosis ↑, cell cycle arrest ↑, invasion ↓, chemosensitivity ↑, tumourigenicity ↓	[229]
	-150	Colo357, HPAF, Panc10.05	MUC4	Proliferation ↓, clonogenicity ↓, migration ↓, invasion ↓, cellular adhesion ↑	[230]
	-200	AsPC1, BxPC3, Colo357, HPAC, MiaPaCa2, L3.6pl, Panc12		EMT ↓ (ZEB1 ↓, slug ↓, vimentin ↓)	[231]
	-375			Proliferation ↓, cell cycle arrest ↑, apoptosis ↑	[232]3
	-548d	Panc1		Proliferation ↓, apoptosis ↑, cell cycle arrest ↑	[233]

¹Including an orthotopic murine model;

²Gemcitabine-resistant cell line;

³Only abstract available. Based on and updated from Park et al[120] 2011.