Enigmatic origin of hepatitis B virus: An ancient travelling companion or a recent encounter?

Table 2 Hepatitis B virus genotype substitution rates estimated using different methods

Genotype	Evolutionary rate	95%HPD	TMRCA	95%HPD	Ref.
A	0.90 × 10-4	0.12 × 10-4-1.7 × 10-4	237	29-455	[43]
	8.6 × 10-4	4.3 × 10-4-14.3 × 10-4			[106]
A2	0.91 × 10-4	0.11 × 10-4-1.7 × 10-4	62	12-112	[43]
A2	3.23 × 10-5	5.6 × 10-8-9.0 × 10-5			[71]
	2.72 × 10-4	1.73 × 10-4-5.8 × 10-4			[48]
C	2 × 10-4	5.4 × 10-4-3.61 × 10-4			[106]
	3.73 × 10-4		96	23-271	[107]
D	6.3 × 10-4	4.8 × 10-4-7.8 × 10-4	84	55-110	[49]
	4.4 × 10-4	2.6 × 10-4-6.2 × 10-4	128	66-210	[49]
	1.21 × 10-4	1.83 × 10-4-2.27 × 10-4			[106]
	4.30 × 10-4	1.16 × 10-4-7.26 × 10-4	66	26-140	[107]
	3.67 × 10-4	2.8 × 10-4-4.5 × 10-4	85	67-103	[43]
D3	3.29 × 10-4	2.9 × 10-4-3.7 × 10-4	70	61-79	[43]
	5.4 × 10-5	4.0 × 10-5-7.21 × 10-5	104	139-79	[42]
D1	4.2 × 10-4	3 × 10-4-6.6 × 10-4	46	20-67	[48]
E	9.29 × 10-4	0.18 × 10-4-20.2 × 10-4			[106]
	2.4 × 10-4	0.55 × 10-4-5.54 × 10-4	58	40-83	[81]
	3.2 × 10-4	2.2 × 10-4-4.5 × 10-4	29.6	16-52	[75]
F	1.67 × 10-4	0.94 × 10-4-2.37 × 10-4	284	120-501	[86]
	1.67 × 10-4	0.94 × 10-4-2.37 × 10-4	255	224-282	[89]
	2.60 × 10-4-1.5 × 10-5			150.9-2418.4	[87]
Root	7.7 × 10-4	0.84 × 10-4-8.61 × 10-4	229	64-580	[107]
	2.2 × 10-6	1.5 × 10-6-3 × 10-6	33600	22000-47000	[94]

Evolutionary rates are expressed as mean substitutions/site per year (s/s per year), with confidence intervals as 95%HPD. The times of the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) are also indicated with confidence limits.