Association between orofacial granulomatosis and Crohn’s disease in children: Systematic review

Table 2 Clinical manifestations in children diagnosed with orofacial granulomatosis n (%)

Clinical features	Value (n = 104)2
Lips
Present	104 (100.0)
Lip swelling	97 (93.3)
Only upper lip	27 (26.0)
Only lower lip	15 (14.4)
Both lips	26 (25.0)
Preset but unspecified	29 (27.9)
Angular cheilitis	22 (21.1)
Intra-oral manifestation1
Present	50 (48.1)
Oral ulcerations	24 (23.1)
Gingival hyperemia/hypertrophy	22 (21.1)
Tongue abnormalities	8 (7.7)
Oral cobble-stoning lesions	8 (7.7)
Facies
Perioral/cheek swelling	19 (18.3)
Neck
Cervical lymphadenopathy1	6 (5.8)
Gastrointestinal
Present	27 (26.0)
Perianal disease1	21 (20.2)
Abdominal pain1	7 (6.7)
Diarrhea1	7 (6.7)
Intestinal bleeding1	6 (5.8)
Nutritional status
Impaired growth1	5 (4.8)
Obesity	1 (1.0)
Ocular
Conjunctivitis1	1 (1.0)
Genitalia
Vulvar oedema1	2 (2.0)
Scrotal swelling1	1 (1.0)

¹The asterisks indicate similarities with Crohn’s disease;

²All cases with a detailed description of clinical signs and symptoms are reported in the table.