Effects of resveratrol and other polyphenols in hepatic steatosis

Table 4 In vivo studies carried out with other polyphenols

Ref.	Animal model	Polyphenols dose and treatment period length	Effects	Mechanisms
Guo et al[60], 2011	Male KKAy mice fed a standard diet	Anthocyanin Cy-3-g	↓ Triacylglycerols	↓ GPAT1 activity
		0.01% in the diet	↓ Lipid droplets
		12 wk
Baselga-Escudero et al[61], 2012	Male Wistar rats fed a standard diet and 2.5 mL of lard oil/kg BW	Proanthocyanidins	↓ Triacylglycerols	↓ FAS mRNA
		250 mg/kg BW		↑ miR-122 mRNA
		3 h
Luo et al[64], 2012	Male C57BL/6 mice fed a methionine and choline-deficient high-fat diet	Theaflavin	↓ Cell ballooning
		30 mg/kg BW	↓ Microvesicular and
		by intraperitoneal injection	macrovesicular
		48, 24, and 2 h before induction of steatosis by ischemia-reperfusion	steatosis
			↓ ALT
			↓ Oxidative stress
			↓ Hepatocyte apoptosis
			↓ F4/80-positive cells (inflammatory cells)
Yoshimura et al[63], 2013	KKAy mice fed a high-fat diet	Ellagic acid	↓ Serum ALT, AST,	↑ FAS mRNA expression = Acaca, SREBP-1c mRNA expression
		0.1% in the diet	↓ Macrovesicular steatosis
		68 d	↓Triacylglycerols	= ACO mRNA expression
				↑ CTP-1a, PPAR-α mRNA expression

↓: Decrease; ↑: Increase. GPAT1: Glycerol-sn-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1; BW: Body weight; FAS: Fatty acid synthase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; Acaca: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase α; SREBP-1c: Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c; ACO: Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase; CPT-1a: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a; PPAR-α: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α.