Protocol liver biopsy is the only examination that can detect mid-term graft fibrosis after pediatric liver transplantation

Table 2 Risk factors for ≥ A1 and ≥ F1 of protocol liver biopsy at two years after living donor liver transplantation: univariate analysis

Variables	Incidence of ≥ A1 (%)	P value	Incidence of ≥ F1 (%)	P value
Recipient age at LDLT
< 12 mo (n = 30) vs≥ 12 mo (n = 59)	26.7 vs 23.7	0.762	36.7 vs 18.6	0.062
Recipient body weight at LDLT
< 10 kg (n = 43) vs≥ 10 kg (n = 46)	23.3 vs 26.1	0.757	27.9 vs 21.7	0.500
Original disease
Cholestatic diseases (n = 69) vs others (n = 20)	33.3 vs 38.1	0.637	33.3 vs 38.1	0.637
PELD or MELD
≥ 20 (n = 22) vs < 20 (n = 67)	22.7 vs 25.4	0.803	31.8 vs 22.4	0.374
Donor age
≥ 35 yr (n = 39) vs < 35 yr (n = 50)	23.1 vs 26.0	0.751	25.6 vs 24.0	0.858
Gender combinations between donor and recipient
Mismatch (n = 50) vs match (n = 39)	24.0 vs 25.6	0.858	22.0 vs 28.2	0.501
ABO compatibility
Incompatible (n = 14) vs others (n = 75)	21.4 vs 25.3	0.755	14.3 vs 26.7	0.324
HLA-A
Mismatch (n = 65) vs match (n = 24)	30.8 vs 8.3	0.029	27.7 vs 16.7	0.285
HLA-B
Mismatch (n = 84) vs match (n = 5)	26.2 vs 0.0	0.187	25.0 vs 20.0	0.802
HLA-DRB1
Mismatch (n = 76) vs match (n = 13)	26.3 vs 15.4	0.398	26.3 vs 15.4	0.398
Lymphocyte cross-matching
≥ 4 × (n = 7) vs negative (n = 82)	0.0 vs 26.8	0.114	28.6 vs 24.4	0.805
GV/SLV
< 40 % (n = 6) vs≥ 40 % (n = 83)	33.3 vs 24.1	0.612	16.7 vs 25.3	0.636
Graft type
Lateral segment graft (n = 57) vs others (n = 32)	21.1 vs 31.3	0.285	29.8 vs 15.6	0.136
Operation time
≥ 20 h (n = 12) vs < 20 h (n = 77)	16.7 vs 26.0	0.113	25.0 vs 24.7	0.975
Cold ischemic time
≥ 2 h (n = 49) vs < 2 h (n = 40)	32.7 vs 15.0	0.055	28.6 vs 20.0	0.351
Warm ischemic time
≥ 45 min (n = 45) vs < 45 min (n = 44)	20.0 vs 29.5	0.297	26.7 vs 22.7	0.666
Blood loss volume
≥ 100 mL/kg (n = 30) vs < 100 mL/kg (n = 59)	16.7 vs 28.8	0.209	26.7 vs 23.7	0.762
Transfusion volume
≥ 100 mL/kg (n = 41) vs < 100 mL/kg (n = 48)	22.0 vs 27.1	0.576	22.0 vs 27.1	0.576
Splenectomy
Yes (n = 7) vs No (n = 82)	42.9 vs 23.2	0.247	28.6 vs 24.4	0.805
Portal vein complications
Yes (n = 11) vs No (n = 78)	9.1 vs 26.9	0.199	27.3 vs 24.4	0.834
Hepatic arterial complications
Yes (n = 6) vs No (n = 83)	16.7 vs 25.3	0.636	33.3 vs 24.1	0.509
Hepaticojejunostomic anastomotic stricture
Yes (n = 14) vs No (n = 75)	21.4 vs 25.3	0.755	28.6 vs 24.0	0.716
Cytomegalovirus infection
Yes (n = 29) vs No (n = 60)	31.0 vs 21.7	0.337	27.6 vs 23.3	0.663
Acute cellular rejection
Yes (n = 29) vs No (n = 60)	10.3 vs 31.7	0.029	17.2 vs 28.3	0.255
Total bilirubin at PLB
≥ 0.7 mg/dL (n = 29) vs < 0.7 mg/dL (n = 60)	17.2 vs 28.3	0.255	24.1 vs 25.0	0.929
AST at PLB
≥ 30 IU/L (n = 49) vs < 30 IU/L (n = 40)	24.5 vs 25.0	0.956	34.7 vs 12.5	0.016
ALT at PLB
≥ 20 IU/L (n = 27) vs < 20 IU/L (n = 62)	40.7 vs 17.7	0.021	37.0 vs 19.4	0.075
γ-GTP at PLB
≥ 20 IU/L (n = 34) vs < 20 IU/L (n = 55)	32.4 vs 20.0	0.189	29.4 vs 21.8	0.420
Hyaluronic acid at PLB
≥ 20 ng/mL (n = 52) vs < 20 ng/mL (n = 37)	32.7 vs 13.5	0.039	23.1 vs 27.0	0.671
IgG at PLB
≥ 1200 mg/dL (n = 18) vs < 1200 mg/dL (n = 71)	27.8 vs 23.9	0.737	33.3 vs 22.5	0.343
ANA at PLB
≥ 20 × (n = 8) vs < 20 × (n = 81)	12.5 vs 25.7	0.401	12.5 vs 25.9	0.401
ASMA at PLB
≥ 20 × (n = 21) vs < 20 × (n = 68)	23.8 vs 25.0	0.913	28.6 vs 23.5	0.640
Trough of tacrolimus at PLB
≥ 3.0 ng/mL (n = 54) vs < 3.0 ng/mL (n = 32)1	25.9 vs 25.0	0.924	24.1 vs 25.0	0.924

¹Three cases which were used a cyclosporine were removed. LDLT: Living donor liver transplantation; PELD: Pediatric end-stage liver disease; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; GV/SLV: Ratio of graft volume to standard liver volume; PLB: Protocol liver biopsy; AST: Aspartate amino transferase; ALT: Alanine amino transferase; IgG: Immunoglobulin G; ANA: Antinuclear antibody; ASMA: Antismooth nuclear antibody.