Intervention on toll-like receptors in pancreatic cancer

Table 2 Toll-like receptors expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and their reported implications

	Pathophysiological significance	Ref.
TLR2	Cell growth	[33,40,43]
	Immunosuppression	[33,41,43]
	Mean survival	[33,35]
	Progression and metastasis	[43]
TLR3	Carcinogenesis	[47]
	Cell growth and migration	[50]
	Immune responses	[48]
TLR4	Angiogenesis	[63]
	Carcinogenesis	[49]
	Cell growth	[49,57,61]
	Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition	[61]
	Leukocyte recruitment and genomic instability	[57]
	Mean survival	[62]
	Progression and metastasis	[49,58,61]
	Stromal expansion	[49,61]
TLR7	Carcinogenesis, stromal expansion, progression and metastasis	[67]
	Immune responses	[48]
TLR9	Cell growth	[77,79]
	Mean survival	[77]
	Metastasis	[72,77,79]

TLR: Toll-like receptor.