Advances in epigenetic biomarker research in colorectal cancer

Table 1 Biomarkers of DNA methylation in blood of colorectal cancer patients, n (%)

Markers	Sensitivity	Specificity	Ref.
APC	3 (6)	0 (100)	[20]
hMLH1	21 (43)	1 (98)	[20]
HLTF	17 (34)	1 (98)	[20]
HLTF	22 (21)	0 (100)	[21]
ALX4	25 (83)	9 (70)	[22]
TMEFF2	87 (65)	56 (69)	[23]
NGFR	68 (51)	29 (84)	[23]
9-Sep	92 (69)	25 (86)	[23]
9-Sep	90 (72)	19 (90)	[24]
9-Sep	24 (72)	3 (90)	[25]
9-Sep	18 (60)	5 (89)	[26]
9-Sep	45 (90)	11 (89)	[27]
NEUROG1	14 (52)-stage I 45 (64)-stage II	4 (91)	[28]
SFRP2	113 (67)	4 (94)	[29]
CDKN2A/P16	12 (71)	0 (100)	[30]
RUNX3	11 (65)	0 (100)	[30]
TPEF/HPP1	13 (13)	0 (100)	[21]

APC: Adenomatosis polyposis coli; hMLH1: Homo mutL homolog 1; HLTF: Helicase-like transcription factor; ALX4: ALX homeobox 4; TMEFF2: Transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains 2; NGFR: Nerve growth factor receptor; NEUROG1: Neurogenin 1; SFRP2: Secreted frizzled-related protein 2; CDKN2A: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A; RUNX3: Runt-related transcription factor 3; HPP1: Hyperpigmentation, progressive, 1; TPEF: Transmembrane protein endothalial factor.