Positive predictors for gastroesophageal reflux disease and the therapeutic response to proton-pump inhibitors

Table 2 Parameters associated with pathological results from pH-metry/impedance measurement

Parameters	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPC	NPV	OR (univ)	Pval (univ)	OR (mult)	Pval (mult)
Group A
SI	0.59	0.66	0.54	0.71	2.92	< 0.001	2.74	< 0.001
Gender	0.44	0.42	0.34	0.53	0.59	0.008	0.63	0.045
BMI	0.58	0.65	0.53	0.7	2.56	< 0.001	2.36	< 0.001
Heartburn	0.68	0.49	0.47	0.69	2.01	0.001	1.88	0.017
Regurgitation	0.6	0.51	0.45	0.66	1.58	0.023	1.06	0.816
Globus sensation	0.39	0.52	0.36	0.56	0.72	0.102	0.66	0.064
Burning tongue	0.2	0.76	0.36	0.58	0.78	0.325	0.73	0.228
Coughing	0.43	0.57	0.41	0.6	1.03	0.958	0.99	0.978
Hoarseness	0.39	0.63	0.42	0.61	1.1	0.678	1.21	0.432
Fullness	0.49	0.51	0.4	0.6	1.02	0.998	0.83	0.424
Nausea	0.32	0.78	0.49	0.63	1.64	0.027	1.63	0.078
Vomiting	0.11	0.92	0.48	0.6	1.39	0.389	1.06	0.876
Halitosis	0.25	0.74	0.39	0.59	0.96	0.938	0.93	0.783
Bile taste	0.23	0.73	0.36	0.59	0.81	0.41	0.69	0.154
Smoking	0.07	0.92	0.38	0.6	0.91	0.95	0.81	0.606
Alcohol	0.3	0.8	0.51	0.63	1.78	0.012	1.9	0.012
Group B
SI	0.61	0.75	0.59	0.77	4.78	< 0.001	4.091	< 0.001
Gender	0.45	0.45	0.32	0.58	0.66	0.172	0.84	0.625
BMI	0.51	0.59	0.42	0.67	1.49	0.195	1.73	0.097
Heartburn	0.63	0.39	0.38	0.63	1.05	0.969	0.95	0.906
Regurgitation	0.61	0.42	0.39	0.65	1.16	0.699	1.1	0.795
Globus sensation	0.43	0.6	0.39	0.64	1.15	0.723	1.31	0.428
Burning tongue	0.17	0.75	0.29	0.6	0.61	0.211	0.55	0.163
Coughing	0.46	0.59	0.4	0.65	1.19	0.621	1.2	0.608
Hoarseness	0.29	0.67	0.34	0.61	0.83	0.643	0.7	0.334
Fullness	0.48	0.54	0.38	0.64	1.07	0.907	1	0.998
Nausea	0.3	0.69	0.36	0.62	0.94	0.957	0.83	0.65
Vomiting	0.17	0.94	0.61	0.65	2.95	0.024	2.81	0.052
Halitosis	0.25	0.73	0.36	0.62	0.91	0.885	0.92	0.836
Bile taste	0.29	0.7	0.36	0.62	0.95	0.984	0.91	0.816
Smoking	0.11	0.94	0.5	0.64	1.77	0.36	1.25	0.682
Alcohol	0.28	0.83	0.49	0.66	1.85	0.089	1.47	0.336

PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value; SI: Symptom index.