Positive predictors for gastroesophageal reflux disease and the therapeutic response to proton-pump inhibitors

Table 1 Response to proton pump inhibitor therapy

Parameters	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV	OR (univ)	Pval (univ)	OR (mult)	Pval (mult)
Group A
SI	0.57	0.67	0.58	0.66	2.66	< 0.001	1.67	0.021
pH-metry	0.37	0.79	0.58	0.61	2.15	< 0.001	1.63	0.055
Gender	0.53	0.49	0.45	0.56	1.07	0.772	0.97	0.9
BMI	0.46	0.57	0.46	0.57	1.13	0.567	0.85	0.465
Heartburn	0.74	0.56	0.57	0.73	3.6	< 0.001	2.31	0.001
Regurgitation	0.68	0.59	0.57	0.7	3.08	< 0.001	1.64	0.059
Globus sensation	0.44	0.56	0.45	0.55	1	1	0.8	0.315
Burning tongue	0.22	0.77	0.44	0.55	0.98	1	0.67	0.129
Coughing	0.46	0.6	0.48	0.58	1.25	0.279	1.05	0.849
Hoarseness	0.45	0.67	0.53	0.6	1.69	0.009	1.59	0.054
Fullness	0.58	0.58	0.53	0.63	1.95	0.001	1.52	0.067
Nausea	0.3	0.77	0.52	0.58	1.47	0.087	0.83	0.505
Vomiting	0.09	0.91	0.43	0.55	0.93	0.944	0.65	0.275
Halitosis	0.29	0.77	0.5	0.57	1.37	0.166	1.13	0.619
Bile taste	0.28	0.77	0.5	0.57	1.31	0.255	0.9	0.67
Imp path	0.34	0.85	0.64	0.61	2.81	< 0.001	1.99	0.009
Smoking	0.06	0.91	0.35	0.55	0.66	0.342	0.65	0.905
Alcohol	0.2	0.73	0.38	0.53	0.71	0.152	0.77	0.313
Group B
SI	0.41	0.66	0.67	0.39	1.35	0.373	1.18	0.627
Ph-metry	0.19	0.84	0.67	0.38	1.26	0.662	1.09	0.848
Gender	0.52	0.51	0.65	0.38	1.16	0.693	0.88	0.689
BMI	0.43	0.54	0.62	0.35	0.88	0.759	0.84	0.569
Heartburn	0.66	0.45	0.67	0.43	1.59	0.134	1.88	0.086
Regurgitation	0.6	0.43	0.64	0.38	1.13	0.769	0.71	0.345
Globus sensation	0.45	0.65	0.68	0.4	1.48	0.222	1.33	0.367
Burning tongue	0.22	0.78	0.63	0.37	1	1	0.84	0.636
Coughing	0.45	0.6	0.66	0.39	1.2	0.614	1.21	0.575
Hoarseness	0.31	0.68	0.63	0.37	0.98	1	0.75	0.406
Fullness	0.52	0.61	0.7	0.42	1.68	0.089	2	0.033
Nausea	0.3	0.68	0.62	0.36	0.95	0.969	0.62	0.205
Vomiting	0.1	0.89	0.61	0.36	0.89	0.984	0.88	0.8
Halitosis	0.28	0.76	0.66	0.38	1.19	0.707	1.21	0.595
Bile taste	0.3	0.71	0.64	0.37	1.03	1	0.88	0.717
Imp path	0.32	0.76	0.69	0.39	1.45	0.299	1.38	0.381
Smoking	0.07	0.9	0.56	0.36	0.71	0.653	0.75	0.595
Alcohol	0.16	0.71	0.49	0.33	0.47	0.034	0.43	0.03

PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value; SI: Symptom index.