Prognostic biomarkers for prediction of recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma: Current status and future prospects

Table 3 Proteomic studies of hepatocellular carcinoma for prediction of recurrence

Ref.	Sample type	Screening platform	Characteristics for distinguishing groups	Candidate biomarkers	Validation method
Yokoo et al[55] (2007)	Tumour tissues	2D-DIGE, MALDI-TOF MS	Early IHR within 6 mo after resection	23 protein panel	2D-DIGE
Orimo et al[59] (2008)	Tumour and non-tumour tissues	2D-DIGE, LC-MS/MS	Histological differentiation of tumours	Adenomatous polyposis coli-end-binding protein 1 (EB1)	IHC
Yi et al[56] (2008)	Paired tumour and non-tumour tissues	2DE, MALDI-TOF/TOF MS	Early IHR within 1 yr after resection	Mortalin (HSPA9)	qPCR, Immunoblotting, IHC
Bai et al[58] (2009)	Tumour tissues	cICAT, 2DLC-MS/MS	Recurrence after liver transplantation	Calpain small subunit 1 (CAPN4)	qRT-PCR, Immunoblotting, TMA
Cheng et al[57] (2011)	Tumour tissues	2DE, MALDI-TOF/TOF MS	Recurrence after liver transplantation	N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1)	Immunoblotting, IHC
Kanamori et al[60] (2011)	Tumour and non-tumour tissues	2DLC-MS/MS	Tumour and non-tumour	Talin-1 (TLN1)	IHC

IHR: Intrahepatic recurrence; IHC: Immunohistochemistry; TMA: Tissue microarray; qRT-PCR: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; 2D-DIGE: Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis; MALDI: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization; LC-MS: Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.