An accurate predictor of liver failure and death after hepatectomy: A single institution’s experience with 478 consecutive cases

Table 2 Postoperative complications in the entire patient cohort (n = 478)

Complication	n (%)
Cardiopulmonary	90 (18.8)
Myocardial infarction	4 (0.8)
Cardiac arrest	15 (3.1)
Congestive heart failure	6 (1.3)
Respiratory insufficiency/failure1	12 (2.5)
Pneumonia	34 (7.1)
Pleural effusion (symptomatic)	19 (4.0)
Liver/biliary	70 (14.6)
Increased bilirubin2	59 (12.3)
Bile leak/biloma	5 (1.0)
Cholangitis	6 (1.3)
Gastrointestinal	12 (2.5)
Ileus	5 (1.0)
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage	7 (1.5)
Infection	34 (7.1)
Deep wound infection	23 (4.8)
Sepsis/bacteremia	11 (2.3)
Renal and genitourinary	59 (12.3)
Renal insufficiency/failure	17 (3.6)
Urinary tract infection	23 (4.8)
Urinary retention	19 (4.0)
Miscellaneous	23 (4.8)
Deep venous thrombosis	5 (1.0)
Need for reoperation	7 (1.5)
Perioperative hemorrhage	11 (2.3)
Others3	10 (2.1)

¹Prolonged ventilatory requirement or reintubation, hypoxia with prolonged supplemental oxygen requirement;

²Not included in calculation of composite endpoint as a major postoperative complication;

³Stroke/TIA (n = 1), pericarditis/pericardial effusion (n = 2), perihepatic abscess (n = 2), portal vein thrombosis (n = 1), biliary stricture (n = 3), perforated duodenal ulcer (n = 1).