Middle segmental pancreatectomy: A safe and organ-preserving option for benign and low-grade malignant lesions

Table 3 Long-term outcomes following middle segmental pancreatectomy, pancreaticoduodenectomy and extended distal pancreatectomy n (%)

Variable	PD (n = 42)	MSP (n = 36)	EDP (n = 23)	P value
				PD vs MSP	MSP vs EDP
Exocrine and endocrine function
New-onset DM	6 (14.3)	1 (2.8)	5 (21.7)	NS	0.029
NIDDM	4	1	3
IDDM	2	0	2
Enzyme substitution	14 (33.3)	0	5 (21.7)	< 0.001	0.007
Anorexia	9 (21.4)	3 (8.3)	1 (4.3)	NS	NS
Nausea and vomiting	5 (11.9)	2 (5.6)	0	NS	NS
Abdominal distention and diarrhea	16 (38.1)	3 (8.3)	2 (8.7)	0.005	NS
Tumor recurrence	0	0	0
Body weight change1
Weight gain	16	15	8
No change	14	12	8	NS	NS
Weight reduction	12	9	7

¹Wilcoxon rank sum test. DM: Diabetes mellitus; NIDDM: Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; IDDM: Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; MSP: Middle segmental pancreatectomy; PD: Pancreaticoduodenectomy; EPD: Extended distal pancreatectomy; NS: Not significant.