Current evidence for histone deacetylase inhibitors in pancreatic cancer

Table 2 Studies of histone deacetylase inhibitors and different pancreatic cancer cell lines in xenograft models

HDAC inhibitor	Pancreatic cancer cell line	Time schedule	Dosage schedule	Results	Ref.
TSA (+ gemcitabine)	T3M4	q28 d	0.25 mg/kg ip, biweekly	50% tumor weight reduction	[33]
				3-fold H4 increase
SAHA (+ bortezomib)	L3.6pl	q21 d	50 mg/kg ip, daily	About 70% tumor weight reduction	[61]
				aggresome disruption
SAHA (+ Zebularine)	Panc-89, YAP C	(1) q7 d or q14 d	(1) 50 mg/kg ip, daily	Tumor growth inhibition	[55]
		(2) q7 d	(2) 50 mg/kg ip, daily	Upregulation of CK7, CK20
				Downregulation of CK8, Vimentin, chromogranin-A
FK228	CAPAN-1	q14 d-q21 d	1.5 mg/kg ip, biweekly	50% tumor growth inhibition	[108]
MS-275	CAPAN-1	q28 d	(1) 12.3 mg/kg per os	Moderate growth inhibitory effect	[101]
			(2) 24.5 mg/kg per os
			(3) 49 mg/kg per os,
			5 × weekly
	CAPAN-1, MiaPaca, Panc-1, Panc-15	Not defined	per os once daily	Mixed response: moderate growth inhibitory effect/ resistant to inhibition	[109]
			(dosage not defined)
NVP-LBH589 (+ gemcitabine)	HPAF-2, L3.6pl	q28 d	25 mg/kg ip, 5 × weekly	63% tumor weight reduction (HPAF-2)	[113]
				About 80% tumor weight reduction (L3.6pl)
				MIB-1 slight reduction
				TUNEL slight induction (HPAF-2)

HDAC: Histone deacetylase; TSA: Trichostatin A; HPAF: Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid; TUNEL: Transferase dUTP nick end labeling.