©2013 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Gastroenterol. Feb 7, 2013; 19(5): 616-630
Published online Feb 7, 2013. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i5.616
Published online Feb 7, 2013. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i5.616
Table 1 Human Toll-like receptors: Localization, known pathogen-associated molecular patterns and their producing microorganisms
| Localization | PAMP | Origin of PAMP | |
| TLR1 | Plasma membrane | Soluble factors | N. meningitidis |
| Triacyl lipopeptides | Bacteria, mycobacteria | ||
| TLR2 | Plasma membrane | Glycoinositolphospholipids | Trypanosoma cruzi |
| Glycolipids | Treponema maltophilum | ||
| Haemagglutinin | Virus | ||
| Lipoarabinomannan | Mycobacteria | ||
| Lipoprotein/lipopeptides | Various pathogens | ||
| Lipoteichoic acid | Gram-positive bacteria | ||
| Peptidoglycan | Gram-positive bacteria | ||
| Phenol-soluble modulin | S. epidermidis | ||
| Porins | Neisseria | ||
| Zymosan | Fungi | ||
| TLR3 | Endosome | Double-stranded RNA | Virus |
| TLR4 | Plasma membrane | Envelope protein | Mouse-mammary tumour virus |
| Fusion protein | Respiratory syncytial virus | ||
| Heat-shock protein 60 | Chlamydia pneumoniae | ||
| Lipopolysaccharide | Gram-negative bacteria | ||
| Taxol | Plants | ||
| TLR5 | Plasma membrane | Flagellin | Bacteria |
| TLR6 | Plasma membrane | Diacyl lipopeptides | Mycoplasma |
| Lipoteichoic acid | Gram-positive bacteria | ||
| Zymosan | Fungi | ||
| TLR7 | Endosome | Single-stranded RNA | Virus |
| TLR8 | Endosome | Single-stranded RNA | Virus |
| TLR9 | Endosome | DNA (CpG) | Bacteria, virus |
| Haemozoin | Plasmodium spp. | ||
| Rhodnius spp. | |||
| Schistosoma spp. | |||
| TLR10 | Endosome | Not determined | Not determined |
- Citation: Vaz J, Akbarshahi H, Andersson R. Controversial role of toll-like receptors in acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19(5): 616-630
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v19/i5/616.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v19.i5.616