Cystatin C is a biomarker for predicting acute kidney injury in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study population at admission

Parameter	ACLF (n = 56)	CHB (n = 30)	Control (n = 30)
Male/female	40/16	21/9	14/6
Age (yr)	44 ± 11	40 ± 10	39 ± 8
Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L)	145 ± 189	71 ± 61	21 (10-31)
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	20.2 ± 5.6	2.2 ± 1.3	0.7 ± 0.2
Albumin (g/L)	30.4 ± 4.8	33.5 ± 5.2	35.6 ± 4.9
BUN (mmol/L)	4.4 ± 2.1	4.1 ± 1.8	4.8 ± 1.5
Plasma sodium (mEq/L)	134.8 ± 4.5	135.6 ± 5.7	137.4 ± 3.8
Cr (mg/dL)	0.9 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.1
CysC (mg/L)	1.1 ± 0.4	0.7 ± 0.2	0.6 ± 0.3
International normalized ratio	1.9 ± 0.4	1.1 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.1
HBV DNA log10 (IU/mL)	4.75 ± 2.11	6.21 ± 2.78
Ishak score	ND	4 (3-5)1
MELD score	24 ± 3	8 ± 4

¹Histopathological data from 20 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. ND: Not determined; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; Cr: Creatinine; CysC: Serum cystatin C; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease.