Non-coding RNAs in hepatitis C-induced hepatocellular carcinoma: Dysregulation and implications for early detection, diagnosis and therapy

Table 1 Summary of microRNAs significantly up-regulated in hepatitis C virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma

ncRNAs	Chromosomal location	Differential expression level	Clinical relevance	Ref.
Liver miRNAs
miR-1269	4q13.2	15.7-fold, HCV-associated HCC (n = 9) vs normal livers (n = 12) and other liver diseases [HCV-associated cirrhosis (n = 10), HBV-associated accurate liver failure (n = 4)], P < 0.05	Potential therapeutic target molecule to prevent HCV-induced HCC	[32]
miR-224	Xq28	10.7-fold, HCV-associated HCC (n = 9) vs normal livers (n = 12) and other liver diseases [HCV-associated cirrhosis (n = 10), HBV-associated accurate liver failure (n = 4)], P < 0.05	Potential therapeutic target molecule to prevent HCV-induced HCC	[32]
miR-452	Xq28	10.1-fold, HCV-associated HCC (n = 9) vs normal livers (n = 12) and other liver diseases [HCV-associated cirrhosis (n = 10), HBV-associated accurate liver failure (n = 4)], P < 0.05	Potential therapeutic target molecule to prevent HCV-induced HCC	[32]
miR-224-3p	Xq28	8.1-fold, HCV-associated HCC (n = 9) vs normal livers (n = 12) and other liver diseases [HCV-associated cirrhosis (n = 10), HBV-associated accurate liver failure ( = 4)], P < 0.05	Potential therapeutic target molecule to prevent HCV-induced HCC	[32]
miR-221	Xp11.3	3.7-fold, HCV-associated HCC (n = 9) vs normal livers (n = 12) and other liver diseases [HCV-associated cirrhosis (n = 10), HBV-associated accurate liver failure (n = 4)], P < 0.05	Potential therapeutic target molecule to prevent HCV-induced HCC	[32]
miR-122	18q21.31	> 2-fold, HCV-associated HCC (n = 43) vs normal livers (n = 3), P < 0.01; HCV associated dysplastic nodules (n = 9) normal livers (n = 3), P < 0.05	Potential therapeutic target molecule to prevent HCV-induced HCC	[30]
miR-100	11q24.1	> 2-fold, HCV-associated HCC (n = 43) vs normal livers (n = 3); HCV associated dysplastic nodules (n = 9) vs normal livers (n = 3)	Potential therapeutic target molecule to prevent HCV-induced HCC	[30]
miR-10a	17q21.32	> 2-fold, HCV-associated HCC (n = 43) vs normal livers ( = 3); HCV associated dysplastic nodules (n = 9) vs normal livers (n = 3)	Potential therapeutic target molecule to prevent HCV-induced HCC	[30]
Urinary miRNAs
miR-625	14q23.3	> 3-fold, HCV-associated HCC (n = 32) vs normal urine samples ( = 12), P < 0.05	Potential marker for the detection/early diagnosis of HCC among high-risk HCV patients	[33]
miR-532	Xp11.23	> 3-fold, HCV-associated HCC (n = 32) vs normal urine samples ( = 12), P < 0.05	Potential marker for the detection/early diagnosis of HCC among high-risk HCV patients	[33]
miR-618	12q21.31	> 3-fold, HCV-associated HCC (n = 32) vs normal urine samples (n = 12), P < 0.05	Potential marker for the detection/early diagnosis of HCC among high-risk HCV patients	[33]

HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; miRNAs: MicroRNAs; ncRNAs: Non-coding RNAs.