Role of innate immunity in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma

Figure 1 Toll-like receptor signaling in liver cells. Activation of a given TLR pathway is dependent on the nature of the stimulus. LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; TLR: Toll-like receptor; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; MyD88: Myeloid differentiation factor 88; IRAK: Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase; TIRAP: Toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain containing adaptor protein; TIR: Toll-interleukin-1 receptor; TRAM: TIR-domain-containing adapter molecule; IRF: Interferon regulatory factor; TRAF: Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor; TAM: Tumor-associated macrophage; TAK: Transforming growth factor β-activated protein kinase; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; TRIF: TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β; RIP: Receptor-interacting protein; IκB: Inhibitor of NF-κB; IFN: Interferon.