Risk prediction of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of antiviral therapy

Table 1 Risk factors for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma

Host factors	Liver factors	Viral factors
Advanced age	Advanced fibrosis	High serum HBV DNA
Male gender	Cirrhosis	Positive HBeAg
Family history of HCC	Hypoalbuminemia	HBV genotype C
SNP at human genomic loci, e.g.	Hyperbilirubinemia	HBV subgenotype Ce
Chromosome 1p36.22	High ALT	Core promoter mutations
Chromosome 6 of HLA-DP/Q loci	Active necroinflammation	High serum HBsAg level
Chromosome 8p12	Concomitant liver diseases, e.g.
Immunosuppressed condition, e.g.	Hepatitis C virus co-infection
Human immunodeficiency virus co-infection	Hepatitis delta virus co-infection
	Alcoholic liver disease
	Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; HBeAg: Hepatitis B virus e antigen; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HLA: Human leukocyte antigen; SNP: Single-nucleotide polymorphism.