Electroacupuncture improves gut barrier dysfunction in prolonged hemorrhagic shock rats through vagus anti-inflammatory mechanism

Figure 2 Tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 levels in plasma and intestine at 0, 3 and 12 h after blood loss. Blood samples and intestine were obtained at 0, 3 and 12 h after blood loss. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (3-5 animals per group at each time point). ^aP < 0.05 vs EAN group; ^cP < 0.05 vs 0 h in the same group. EA: Electroacupuncture; VGX: Vagotomy; α-BGT: α-bungarotoxin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IL: Interleukin.