Clinical outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after living-donor liver transplantation

Table 1 Patient and tumor characteristics according to recurrence rate, univariate analysis

Variables	Non-recurrent (n = 187)	Recurrent HCC (n = 37)	P-value
Patient characteristics
Age (yr)	52.05 ± 6.93	50.89 ± 6.88	0.354
Gender (male: female)	151 (80.7):36 (19.3)	33 (89.2):4 (10.8)	0.221
HBV: HCV: Other cause	164:11:12	33:2:2	0.965
Child-Pugh score	8.15 ± 2.41	8.14 ± 2.37	0.972
MELD score	12.76 ± 7.25	13.05 ± 9.45	0.858
GRWR (%)	1.20 ± 0.28	1.24 ± 0.24	0.454
≤ 1 (n = 29)	26 (89.7)	3 (10.3)	0.327
> 1 (n = 193)	159 (82.4)	34 (17.6)
AFP (ng/mL)	170.5 ± 806.2	249.94 ± 481.37	0.568
≤ 100 (n = 163)	142 (87.1)	21 (12.9)	0.025
> 100 (n = 59)	44 (74.6)	15 (25.4)
PIVKA-II (mAU/mL)	189.6 ± 1150.3	397.2 ± 674.5	0.576
≤ 100	99 (94.3)	6 (5.7)	0.018
> 100	14 (77.8)	4 (22.2)
Pre-transplant treatment			0.025
No (n = 57)	53 (93.0)	4 (7.0)
Yes (n = 167)	134 (80.2)	33 (19.8)
Pathologic characteristics
Maximal diameter (cm)	2.76 ± 1.98	5.54 ± 5.65	0.006
≤ 5 (n = 196)	170 (86.7)	26 (13.3)	< 0.001
> 5 (n = 20)	10 (50.0)	10 (50.0)
Total diameter (cm)	4.21 ± 2.88	7.82 ± 6.56	0.005
≤ 9 (n = 185)	162 (87.6)	23 (12.4)	0.001
> 9 (n = 19)	11 (57.9)	8 (42.1)
Tumor number	2.46 ± 2.18	3.06 ± 3.11	0.282
≤ 5 (n = 193)	164 (85.0)	29 (15.0)	0.046
> 5 (n = 22)	15 (68.2)	7 (31.8)
Microvascular invasion			0.039
No (n = 163)	140 (85.9)	23 (14.1)
Yes (n = 44)	32 (72.7)	12 (27.3)
E-S grade			0.300
Low (I, II) (n = 108)	93 (86.1)	15 (13.9)
High (III, IV)  (n = 81)	65 (80.2)	16 (19.8)

Data are expressed as absolute n (%) or mean ± SD. HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; MELD: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; GRWR: Graft vs recipient weight ratio; AFP: Alpha fetoprotein; PIVKA-II: Protein induced by vitamin K absence or angiotensin-II; E-S grade: Edmondson-Steiner grade.